There are 4 bad sectors on the hard drive. How can I identify which data files occupy these bad sectors? I can identify, using for example HDDScan or MHDD, LBA numbers of these bad sectors, but how can I find out which files are assigned to them?

What is the best method of trying to rescue data from the bad sectors?

What is the best method of trying to repair the disk (remove bad sectors, and if not successful mark them as unwritable)?

Is Windows XP chckdsk /r command good enough for that or is some other software better suited for that purpose?

Tip: How to determine which file occupies a particular sector:
http://forums.seagate.com/t5/Barracuda- ... /m-p/35567

After locating the bad file, you could try Bad Block Copy for Windows:
http://alter.org.ua/en/soft/win/bb_recover/

"Copies file ignoring Bad Blocks. If target file doesn't exist, instead of unread blocks ZEROs are written. If target file exists, its blocks, coresponding to Bad Blocks in source are not touched. Thus, if you have some copies of the same file with Bad Blocks in different places, it is possible to completly restore the original file. To do this you should run bbcopy.exe with same target, but different sources."

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A backup a day keeps DR away.

As well you could try Dmde which can do all the required functions. For repair or reallocation I would suggest Mhdd or Victoria.