@Pavilioner,
Thanks for that info. Here are some comments, all are IMHO - others may have different views.

Some pros can refurbish some drives (as
BlackST mentions). You would have to compare the cost of doing that & any warranty the refurbisher gives, with the price of a new drive with whatever warranty it has, as well as other factors (availability, speed of resolution, shipping costs etc.) and make your decision.
There are likely to be some unreadable sectors on that drive at the moment (probably at least 8 ). There are various different approaches you can take, to try to read the data from that drive, if you decide on that DIY as you seem to be saying (but you might also make things worse, so that if you later change your mind and decide that some data is important and ask a pro to recover it, that may be more difficult or impossible). Your choice of next actions depends on several factors. This situation has been covered on the forum many times in the past.
Regarding a replacement drive - there are many review sites to help you choose a disk drive. That 1TB Toshiba drive is 12.5mm high. It is likely that a taller drive will not fit in your laptop (but check for yourself), so that dimension is something that you should check, if you decide to fit a different model.