IMHO it is high-risk for you to be doing this work, as it is clear to me from the questions you are asking, that you have not understood enough about TVS from whatever you have read.

Also I have not yet seen you agree to accept responsibility for the consequences of your actions, in any of your previous comments. That is another reason why I have not told you what to do in my replies, and instead have only suggested things for you to check.
There are more checks that could be made using a multimeter, but since they would need power applied, I won't describe those (too high risk). Instead, one obvious candidate to check with power-off, is the 0 Ohm resistor next to the +12V TVS.
However it is also possible that the overvoltage on the +12V input has damaged more components on the PCB which you cannot repair and/or, if you are unlucky, it may have damaged the pre-amp inside the HDA. Therefore you must be prepared that you
might not be able to fix this drive yourself - perhaps you will be lucky; perhaps not; perhaps you will cause more damage (and increase the cost, or decrease the liklihood of success, of a later professional recovery) in your attempts to repair it yourself... This is one of the risks of DIY attempts. I hope you understand my caution