Just a little background -- I virtualized a physical Windows server. It's now an ESXi host. I use Veeam Agent for Windows to perform backups to a SATA III 7200 RPM 6TB HDD connected via a USB 3.0 docking station. Since the backups are so large, I can't afford to build a SSD array large enough to handle the size so I'm stuck with a single mechanical drive. Before virtualizing, a full backup would take about 8 hours. After virtaulizing, the same backup takes 13 hours.
The size of my backups increased so I purchased a larger HDD which is a tad faster than the original. I'm trying to shorten the backup window as much as possible so I also replaced the HDD, USB 3.0 PCI card with a wildly more expensive USB 3.1 card and I replaced the USB 3.0 HDD dock with a USB 3.1. I haven't ran a backup yet. Have to wait for the window but with all of the hardware changes, I did see a very noticeable speed increase in the benchmarks.
Below is what I get when I test the new hardware:


Is this about as good as I can expect to get from a single USB connected HDD?