The fuse would only protect the external power supply -- it wouldn't protect the drive from an overvoltage. That's the job of the TVS diode. I have no opinion as to the continued reliability of the drives. You could always use them as a backup of a backup, or for multimedia applications, or for some other non-critical job.
As for your second drive, I now believe your RAID was configured as a mirror (RAID 1) rather than a striped array (RAID 0). This means the total capacity would have been 500GB, not 1TB. Burner's example was for RAID 0.
See the documentation for mdadm.
mdadm(8) - Linux man page:
http://linux.die.net/man/8/mdadmYour sfdisk output indicates that the size of your file system is 976768065 sectors (= 2008125 + 974759940).
/dev/sdc2 : start= 2008125, size=974759940, Id=83
This corresponds to 500GB, suggesting a mirrored array, which in turn means that /dev/sdd should have the same partition structure as /dev/sdc. The fact that it doesn't, suggests a problem of some kind. You need to determine if this problem is physical or logical.
Another clue that the array is mirrored is that the sdc6 partition shows up in the sfdisk report.
/dev/sdc6 : start= 257103, size= 16002, Id=83
This partition starts at LBA 257103, which is quite some distance into the disc. If the RAID were striped, we would not expect to see its EBR (Extended Boot Record) in the first stripe, which is where it would need to be if it were to be visible on a single disc. I hope that makes sense.