The reported 1TB capacity would suggest that your drive is OK. It appears that WD Unlocker can't make any sense of the partition information because the drive is encrypted. That said, I would have thought that WD's tool would be looking for a USB mass storage device that identifies itself as a My Book rather than an ordinary HDD, but I have no experience in this area.
As for your other question, I don't know of any Mac utilities for retrieving "technical" information from your drive, at least not when behind a USB bridge. Sorry. Connecting a secondary HDD to your motherboard should be explained in numerous Internet tutorials, perhaps even on Apple's web site.
Anyway, ISTM that a replacement bridge board would be worth a try. Yours is based around a Symwave SW6318 bridge IC and has a part number of "4061-705089-001 Rev. AG". That's what I would be looking for, but other Revs might be OK. You'll have to ask the professionals or your PCB supplier. If the PCB is too expensive, then perhaps you could buy a used Essentials drive and ask the owner for the appropriate information.
Alternatively, there is a freeware tool which can decrypt your data, but it appears that it would be beyond your capabilities.

reallymine: WD MyBook/MyPassport decryption :
http://www.hddoracle.com/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=1488The actual fault may be a simple one. I would inspect the solder joints at the components in the attached photo (different PCB, similar connector). Otherwise try a USB 2.0 cable.