Depending on which Windows version you were using, and (if it was Win7, whether diskpart invokes a full or quick version "format"), it seems you've lost the partition table, some filesystem metadata, and possibly (depending on the answer above) whatever 8s of zero-fill might have overwritten.
I'd suggest that the first step is for you to clone that disk - I'd probably clone it twice, so that I've got a duplicate clone (in case the original disk were to die for any reason), but others may consider that duplication to be over-the-top.

Since there is currently no suggestion of physical issues, then I see no reason why you couldn't leave that disk in its USB enclosure and clone it from that (onto either direct-attached or USB-attached targets).
For maximum choice of recovery software that you can use later, then cloning to another
raw disk is probably best; next best would be cloning to an uncompressed image
file on another disk; most restrictive would be cloning to a compressed image file on another disk (since not all recovery software will read such a file). There's a choice of free cloning software possibilities (Windows & Linux), since the source disk is likely to read OK - have a search here for cloning software for some ideas.
Then you can do things with your "working clone" disk, like investigating whether the first xMB have been zero-filled or not with a hex editor; trying different recovery software (free and paid); etc. etc., and you can still go back to either the original disk or a duplicate of the clone, if you accidently change something on that clone disk. Just because one piece of logical recovery software didn't show your desired files, doesn't mean that a different algorithm in different s/w won't do so - there are many different pieces of s/w you can try, but do that on a clone IMHO.
You need yet
another disk (in most cases, unless you're using more complex & confusing recovery configurations), to hold the recovered files from any logical recovery s/w. Also don't assume that just because recovery s/w shows a thumbnail photo preview which is OK, that the recovered photo will be OK when viewed full size - check all recovered files visually, before deciding that you've definitely got a successful recovery.
So there are some ideas for you - obviously other approaches are possible, and different people will have different opinions. Some of the recovery software vendors might also make some suggestions to you.
