@ilfunx,
Beside "checking" , there's nothing else you can do.
If the drive is failing or has surface / relo problems, backup data and then replace the drive (under warranty or not).
If the drive is developing problems, a "cosmetic" solution THAT IS NOT GUARANTEED TO WORK is to fully erase the drive , cross fingers and hope. Maybe the result is good, maybe the result is a lot / bunch of slow sectors (can't explain here what exactly happens) , maybe it will give final shot to the drive. Also, maybe it will work temporarily and the problem will come out again later. I have a solution, but you should send me the drive... so it's not applicable

(PLEASE don't contact me asking how to do it by you !)
You can always try to contact a pro in your area.
NOTE : I have the feeling that the drive suffered from some external problem, but it's just a feeling - as Toshiba are usually good and resilient drives.
FINAL WARNING : FULLY ERASE THE DRIVE WILL KILL DATA ON IT so BACKUP FIRST.