I have this disk (500GB) filled up with IMPORTANT data, it is both my personal and academic life since 2021, and I can't even imagine what if I lose it. I know it is stupid not to make a copy of your data, and even more stupid to not make sure what device you are working with when doing something. I was moving an Ubuntu 14 LTS ISO (1.1) GB with the dd command to an USB, but for some reason, I disconnected the USB due to not ports available to retrieve some file from my disk, and my brain just fucked up and I entered the command. It instantly finished, so I think it did not erase nothing but the partition table and the first GB of data. Is there any way to recover my files? I recall, they are like 400 GB of only personal files I really need and cannot go ahead in nothing without them. Please, please, I beg for help. I promise not to be stupid again so I don't ever bother you.

The prudent thing to do would be to make an image/clone of the drive in Linux with DDRescue or HDDSuperclone. Then scan the image with a quality data recovery software such as DMDE, R-Studio or UFS Explorer.

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HDD, SSD, Flash and RAID Data Recovery
Founder of The Data Recovery Professionals Group

Sorry for the late answer. I am doing DDRESCUE -d <<device>> <<image.img>> <<log.logfile>> right now, and it will finish in 6 hours. Do I proceed with the scanning software right after that, or would it be good to share the log file there?

It seems it is all good.

Which one should I select?

There are no file systems in your list. You need to do a full scan.

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A backup a day keeps DR away.

I did the full scan with gui and found an EXFAT which was the one I had. I recovered perfectly, most of the data, except for a lot of text files and documents that were at the first gigabyte and were not recoverable.