Did you short the pins before powering up? I don't think any of the other ICs have an I2C bus.
There is a lot happening on this PCB which I don't understand. For example, there appear to be two FN37AP e-fuses (Silergy SY6875A ?). One could be configured as a 5V e-fuse while the second could be a 12V e-fuse. However, the label on the drive makes no mention of 12V.

These e-fuses are located adjacent to the LM10515SQ PMIC.
If 12V is present, then the second GUILL chip (= TPS62130A) at the bottom right corner on the component side would be involved in power loss data protection. To this end I would measure the voltage across the array of 100uF 16V conductive polymer capacitors on the underside. That said, the Enable pin of this IC is connected directly to its positive supply rather than via a pullup resistor, so we cannot short it to ground. Instead, there is a PG (Power Good, pin #4) with a pullup resistor. You could try shorting this pin to ground.
TPS62130A, Texas Instruments, 3V - 17V, 3A Step-Down Converter, marking GUILL, VQFN-16:
https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/tps62130.pdfConductive Polymer Tantalum Solid Capacitors, TDC series, Panasonic:
https://api.pim.na.industrial.panasonic.com/file_stream/main/fileversion/8553There is a row of 7 JTAG (?) pads at the edge of the PCB. Perhaps one of these is a safe mode shorting point.
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SY6875A.pdf
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