Amit Singh seems to be a good man to know for one interested in exploring HFS+ and Mac volumes. His book, "Mac OS X Internals: A Systems Approach", appears to be an excellent resource, from what I've found reading the excerpts on Google Books:
http://books.google.com/books?id=K8vUkp ... &q&f=falseAmit also has written some very helpful tools for analyzing HFS volumes, filexray, and its deprecated predecessor, hfsdebug (I'm using it now). hfsdebug is free, and only works on PPC (or supposedly intel with Rosetta - rules out using it on 10.7). filexray claims to be up to date with modern Macs and much superior, (and I am betting it is) and at this posting costs $79.
hfsdebug:
http://mac.softpedia.com/get/System-Uti ... ebug.shtmlfilexray:
http://filexray.com/note that these are read-only designed for analysis only.
I want to note that I have appreciated the input from the forum.
One little catch that the book helped me to see when I wasn't finding structures where I expected them, was the use of HFS wrappers.