Just got this drive in, pulled the PCB off to find this mess in the top right corner. It's from a Seagate 7200.11.

The customer says a power surge occurred two years ago and it just now quit working. Since I haven't dealt with too many surge problems yet, I am wondering if it is typical for just one component to be blown out like this one so that the solder melted and reseated while the other components appear to be perfectly fine. Or, is it more likely that someone already tried to repair this board and totally screwed up the soldering?

The way TVS is positioned, someone probably has soldered it already.

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It's not uncommon for components to be "mis-placed".

Examine the markings of the TVS diode and the major chips for YWW or YYWW date codes. They should be close.

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A backup a day keeps DR away.