Please remember that I am "no-pro" and that my experience is limited (two weeks of learning with almost no guidance), and it may contain mistakes (as it has been pointed out). But it worked for me, and I am happy to share, again for what it is worth.
Let me start from the end of your message: I do not think that CA 53 works. The cable should contain a circuit. Look at this picture:
http://i69.photobucket.com/albums/i56/m ... bles3a.jpgYou may notice the difference: CA 53 is just too small to contain the adapter circuit inside.
But also the story with cable CA 42 is not so simple.
From what I learned there are three possible cases.
a.1 Nokia Original cable CA 42 (the name appears in a label on the back of the USB jacks of the picture above). If you open the USB jack you will see distinctly the circuit of the adapter and the pins for Rx, Tx, and GND. This cable does not require any power (it takes it from the USB port). This video is worth 1000 words, on how it works:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29FztWJVxbMa.2 Nokia Original cable CA 42 (the name appears in a label as in a.1). If you open the USB jack however you will NOT see the circuit, but just a small box of copper. See this picture:
http://img205.imageshack.us/i/2606200952050.png/In first instance someone complained that a.2 did not work. But this is not true. To work it needs its own power. I used two batteries of v1.5 in series connected to cable red and black. Rx and Tx are instead cable White and Blue. GND (that you need to connect as well near the Rx and Tx) is again the Black one.
a.3 Chinese clone cable CA 42 (there is no Nokia name in the USB jack label). It can be found usually at ebay at a small price (3-4$ or even less. I paied instead my cable a.2 €25 with a discount). It works as a.1 but you need to load other generic drivers (see below for reference). In fact the Nokia original ones do not work with this clone cable.
To be sure that they work, try first a loopback test, by shortcircuiting Rx and Tx in the CA 42 cable (batteries ON if you have a.2). If you see in the hyperterminal what you type in the keyboard, that means that your adapter is working. So you can connect the cable to the HD.
Reference: go to the forum msfn.com at pag. 90. I posted there some Questions and Answers during my learning process. I hope they may help.
Read carefully also from pag 65 to 85 of the same forum, you will find many descriptions and many pictures of the CA 42 cables (the links I posted here come from there). Use if you want the search in the forum with "Nokia CA 42", you will have many feedbacks.
From what I read, it is sure that not only CA 42 works. For instance also Nokia DKU-5/ CA 70, and some Siemens cable too. The important point is that they contain the adapter circuit. Some of them don't (as I presume CA 53) because it is contained inside the mobile set.
I hope this my limited info may help you learn many more things. Good luck again.