hi all
I often happens that when retrieving data, they then can not read and are corrupt.

to be the problem? How can I fix?

Hi,

There are tons of reasons for corrupted data, so you should be more specific or I'm sure no one will be able to help you.

for example after a format, try to recover the data with any software and displayed on its most corrupt.

That happens because probably a good part of the data was rewritten already.

whether the data were overwritten no chance to recover?

That's right. What is rewritten there's no chance to recover.
Might be possible to recover some small portions of data, but I don't of no use for data recovery purposes, but only in some cases for forensic jobs.

If the drive it's just formatted, you can recovery almost all info. But with an overwritten your percent of recover info will be lower an most of it corrupted.