I use Seagate hard disk ST31000340AS. Normally I use a 12v power adapter. By a mistake, I plug thinkpad power adapter (16v) into it and my computer can't read this hard disk. The cover of my hard disk is hot and has a smell of scorch. When opening the HDD Enclosure, voltage suppressors (KVP 83A / TPSMB13A) on motherboard is burned. If it's only voltage suppressors burned and other parts are still ok? And changing voltage suppressors alone could repair this problem?
My 1T hard disk is full of my private collection including all my important photos. Help me here or email me to:flysofa@gmail.com. Thx a lot!

Depends:

1. if you connected an AC or DC supply.
2. if it was centre negative or positive (in the case of DC)

if it was DC then there is a good chance replacing the burned components will work.
But it really sounds like a polarity reversal, because the over voltage the safety devices just 'fail' rather than seriously cooking the pcb and case.

more info required:

1. picture of adaptor
2. picture of adaptor label

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Did you repair your drive?

BTW the "83A" is a date code (March 2008). Only the "KVP" marking is important. You can replace the diode with an SMBJ12A.