Using a 2.5" USB 3.0 aluminum case on my notebook HDD can cause problems with static and short circuit if the HDD logic board underneath touches the aluminum of the case?

Aluminum is conductive, it can short out a PCB. However, these products usually come with a clear plastic sticker you affix to the PCB, or there are rails which the insert rides on which prevents contact.

photo of my case

other photo
https://ae01.alicdn.com/kf/S0910b24dceb ... .jpg_.webp

You are posting useless commercial pictures instead of personal ones.
These pictures doesn't allow judging the protection level against shorts on the PCB.

By the way, sonicmario, are you prepared for an EMP?

I bought this case but I haven't received it yet, so the photos are from the internet. I need to discard this case due to the risk of static and short circuit in hdd?

I give up. You're impossible to talk too. rec told you we can't answer your question properly unless we see a real life picture and I told you these products usually come with a clear plastic sticker or the rails on the insert prevents contact.