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Answers, in order :
1) AFAIK, no. And beware of internet bullshit and of courses where you don't put hands on the INDUSTRY STANDARD diagnostics / repair tools. You don't need any generic course.
2) it depends on security demand : if you have to fulfill request for absolute security it would be insufficient. Maybe the best way would be drive factory selfscan but you need special tools (see 5) ) or the knowledge to start, monitor and eventually deal with. For "average joe" , zerofill is sufficient.
3) if drive has serious problems, every software is useful like a tit on a bull. For general use, it works.
4) I think nobody would let you in his lab and grab trade secrets just to build up a competitor. Industry require already skilled people and most probably you have to sign a strict NDA (Non Disclosure Agreement).
5) for data recovery and refurbishing : PC3000 UDMA is about 10'000 (TEN THOUSAND) $ . You'll need clean room equipment or a laminar flow bench (used : from $ 2000 up to 10'000) , platter and head extraction tools ($5000 estimated for a complete set) . To repair and eventually diagnose PCBs : digital storage oscilloscope , $2500-3000 , SMD rework station ($1000-2000) , TTH soldering station ($250-1000) , a decent multimeter ($100-200) , precision tweezers, screwdrivers, torx from T3 to T20 etc. let's say $500 , dual tracking power supply with protection , $250-500 depending on power, and $1000-1500 on other probes, cables, adapters and other gizmos... Not to mention : cleaning fluids, wiping stuff, clean room gear, gloves etc. If you want to go further : BGA rework station ($3500) , DDA ($6500-10'000) complete with differential probe. Knowledge : priceless and not available easily.
Before you ask : the prices are quite similar in EURO and are related to professional grade equipment, unless you want to use a soldering iron and multimeter bought at Tesco for £10 . No, you can't build a glovebox. No, there's no alternate for professional diagnostic equipment. Better to say it straight than give false illusions.
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